According to the latest report of the Intergovernmental Group of Experts on Climate (IPCC), «There are 19 countries realize now suffering from a shortage of water. Many of these countries are located in the African continent. »
Water stress
IGE indicates that the number of countries that suffer from water stress is likely to increase due to climate change. And it comes to water stress when the demand is greater than the available water resources.
Experts attribute the team to three main reasons:
The increase in demand due to population growth
It should be noted that, according to UNICEF, will Africa, which is currently the population of 1.2 billion people, its population doubled by 2050 the number of Africans to become 4.2 billion by 2100. By 2050, it will be a quarter of the world's population Africans.
According to UNICEF's report "and based on current trends, Within five years, and the next Thirty, will be among the 100 people every 25 African-American people."
Degradation of watersheds caused by land-use change
Siltation in the watershed
According to the Intergovernmental Group of Experts, the volatility of weather can be hard to water resources management errand both within and between countries.
It can also reduce the decline in the level of dams and rivers of the quality of water reservoirs by increasing sewage and industrial effluent concentration, which would increase the likelihood of the spread of epidemics and reduce the quality and quantity of fresh water used for domestic purposes.
And it recommends that the Intergovernmental Group of Experts to take adaptation measures, which include water collection, and management level of the flow of the dams and the exploitation of the most effective resources.
Climate change is one of the most notorious threats to sustainable development in Africa, despite the fact that this continent contributes only about 3 percent of total greenhouse gas emissions, according to presentations memorandum for the seventh session of the Forum for Africa's Development, which will be held between 10 and 15 October in the economic Maqralganh Africa Addis Ababa.
And attributed the fragility of African countries in the face of the implications of climate change for the multiple pressures that joins other capacities adaptable weak.
Indeed, it is characterized by the geographical location of many African countries, according to the document prepared by the Economic Commission for Africa, which, climate hotter than average, and marginal areas more vulnerable to climatic hazards such as lack of stability of rainfall and poor land and plateaus removable flood.
On the other hand, are still many countries in the continent's economies rely primarily on climatic conditions hostage sectors, such as agriculture rainfed, fishing and the exploitation of forests and other natural resources and tourism.
Worse still, add note, that the continent is unable to cope with the direct and indirect effects of climate change because of poverty, poor infrastructure and the economic, social, and conflicts and the shortfall in human, institutional and financial resources.
The fragility of the continent up to the maximum degree of climate change for the poor, who generally live in the community are particularly vulnerable to drought, floods and other extreme weather phenomena.
Illustrates the Fourth Assessment Report of the Group of Governmental Experts on Climate heavy consequences of climate change, the development of a multi-charges primarily aggravation "watery concern" and doubled associated Baloloj water disputes, and difficulties in the field of agricultural production and the growing food insecurity and the growing problems of energy, exacerbating the problems associated with industrial development .
Rising sea level It is also about, leading to a decline in living conditions and environmental degradation in the coastal areas and the impoverishment of biodiversity and the disappearance of forests and other natural habitats and the spread of infectious diseases.
The call for this situation grim "conciliatory efforts" in order to adapt to climate change to enable African communities and economies to withstand the stated tests. And should, according to the Economic Commission for Africa, to take action "strict" to avoid the worst consequences of climate change. This requires effective response reaction, therefore, that the parties concerned firmly integrate the concerns associated with climate change policies, strategies, programs and practices in the field of development, through special attention to priority sectors and vulnerable to these changes.
The Committee recommends that the finalization and activation of these actions, not only with the full briefing to climate change and the effects and problems that have it, but also through the introduction of a whole into consideration the possibilities that might arise from them.
The most important of these measures in those authorizing Africa is to achieve a weak rate of carbon busier and development of the environment.
This UN organization also stresses that the Africa claim to benefit optimally from a global deal beyond 2012 respect to the acquisition of technology, financing and strengthening capacity to adapt to climate change and mitigation.
So far, Africa has been able to express a common position within the framework of the preoccupations and interests and shared with the international community in the ongoing negotiations on climate change.
Although these negotiations did not produce a legally binding agreement on the occasion of the 15th Conference of the States Parties to the Convention United Nations Framework on Climate Change, the Copenhagen Accord, which came out by the conference represents some sort of progress in the right direction, especially with regard to the willingness of developed countries to reduce Gazatha size of the greenhouse and the provision of financial support for the adaptation and mitigation efforts in developing countries.
Will form the Seventh Forum for Africa's Development appropriate to discuss topics related to climate-operation, peace and security, food security, health, supply of drinking water and energy, with the participation of about a thousand participants, especially the heads of state and government and development partners, and representatives of UN agencies, the private sector and civil society.
The Forum is envisaged to strengthen the African common position on climate change for global negotiations, and sensitize public opinion and mobilization for the involvement of the parties involved at all levels to take climate change into account in policies, strategies, programs and practices in the field of development in Africa.
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